Hola Everybody,
Because it has to be said… BTW, a longer more in-depth version of this post, with citations, can be found here.
Covering
the Sky With Your Hand:
The
Denial of Racism
There ain't no white man in this
room that will change places with me -- and I'm rich. That's how good it is to
be white. There's a one-legged busboy in here right now that's going: ‘I don't
want to change. I'm gonna ride this white thing out and see where it takes me.’
-- Chris Rock
Colin
Kaepernick has received a tremendous amount of (racist) backlash
because of his refusal to stand during the national anthem. In his words, “I am
not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses
black people and people of color,” Kaepernick told the media after the game.
“To me, this is bigger than football and it would be selfish on my part to look
the other way… There
are bodies in the street and people getting paid leave and getting away with
murder.” Personally,
I find the negative backlash against Kaepernick indicative of the fact that we
live in a white supremacist society. Let us be clear here: racism is about “whiteness,”
it is about “white people.”
From my perspective and, I would venture the perspective of
many African Americans and Latinx, Kaepernick is speaking out about a factual
aspect of life in white America. Racism exists. State-sanctioned violence
against Blacks and other people of color exists. Racialized social
control, which is the underlying factor in the historically unprecedented mass
incarceration of mostly blacks and Latinx, is a fact of life in the
United States. For people to find Kaepernick’s stand against these realities
serves to uncover the latent and explicit racism of this country. Of course,
the irony is lost on the fact that the
national anthem was written by a slave-owning racist who considered
blacks inferior and was about as pro-slavery, anti-black, and anti-abolitionist
as you could get.
There's a dicho (saying) Puerto Ricans are fond of
using. It translates roughly to, “No matter how hard you try, you can't cover
the sky with your hand.” And it addresses the very human tendency to deny
uncomfortable truths. While at first, denial may work well to buffer us from
trauma, eventually, as with all psychological defense mechanisms, denial is as
futile a coping strategy as trying to cover the sky with your hand. Not only
does it not work, but often compounds the issue.
This denial of racism is
a racial contract that uses a proactive, pernicious form of “ignorance.”
I’m speaking here of an ignorance that isn’t merely the opposite of knowledge.
I am speaking about a militant, aggressive ignorance that is active, dynamic,
that refuses to go quietly -- not at all confined to the illiterate and
uneducated but propagated at the highest levels of the land and unabashedly presenting
itself as knowledge. This is what
Colin Kaeprnick is standing up to and I fear he will pay a steep price.
I conceptualize racism in structural and institutional
as well as individual terms. My definition of racism describes a system of oppression of African
Americans and other people of color by white Europeans and white Americans.
There is no black racism because there is no centuries-old system of racial
domination designed by African Americans that excludes white Americans from full
participation in the rights, privileges, and benefits of this society. Racism
requires not only a widely accepted racist ideology but
also the systematic power to exclude people of color from opportunities and
major economic rewards.
It is a well-worn clichĆØ that the last thing a fish notices
is the water. Similarly, we take the air we breathe for granted, just as
European Americans take their race as a given -- as normal. While it is true
that white Americans may face difficulties in their lives -- with finances and
family, for example -- race is not one of them. Whites can afford to be
nonchalant about race because they
cannot see how this society produces advantages for them because these
benefits appear so natural they are taken for granted. They literally do not
see how race permeates America's institutions and how it affects the
distribution of opportunity and wealth.
For blacks, Latinx, and other people of color in the U.S.
the same culture, laws, economy, institutions, and rules of the game are not as
automatically comfortable and legitimate. In a white-dominated society, with
color come problems.
Big problems.
What's more, if as with Kaepernick, people of color cry
foul, if they call attention to the way they are treated or to racial
inequality, if they try to change the way advantage is distributed, if they try
to adjust the rules of the game, white Americans see them as trouble makers as
asking for special privileges.
What this means is that people's perspectives on race
reflect their experiences on one side of the color line or the other. Whites
routinely misperceive the reality of black lives. For example, though
blacks are about twice as likely to be unemployed, 50 percent of whites say the
average black is about as well off as the average white person. Conversely,
blacks tend to be more realistic in their perceptions of their economic status
as compared to whites. My point being that if whites in the U.S. make no effort
to hear the viewpoints and see the experience of others, their awareness of
their privilege suffers. Whites can convince themselves that life as they
experience it on their side of the color line is the objective truth. This is
the error that poses serious problems for conservatives' (both black and white)
analysis of racial inequality.
any perspective that is uncritically locked inside its own
experience is stunted, and this is even truer when that perspective reflects a
white dominant culture. It is the failure to understand that they take whites'
racial privilege for granted that leads conservatives to ignore the way in
which race loads the dice in favor of white Americans while at the same time
restricting African Americans' access to the table. White privilege, like water
to the fish, like the air we breathe, is invisible in their analysis.
But you can't cover the sky with your hand.
Apostles of the conservative perspective on race insist that
racism is a thing of the past. The reason why they come to this conclusion is
because they operate from a very narrow (culturally blind), outdated, and
discredited definition of racism as intentional, blatant, and individual --
causing them to filter out evidence and judgment.
Many U.S. institutions, including the current Supreme Court
majority, share these misconceptions. Because racial conservatives ignore the
range of racial reality in America, they are unable to see that racism is
lodged in the very structure of society, that it permeates the mechanisms of
the legal, economic, political, and educational institutions of the United
States. The problem is that without that recognition we will continue to
attempt to resolve the disease of racism by attempting to cover the sky with
our collective hands.
The problem with racial conservatives' is that they, like
most whites, use a specific, narrow understanding of racism. This is the
concept that racism is motivated, crude, explicitly supremacist, and expressed
as individual bias. Racism, for racial conservatives, is a form of
“prejudice.” Some
racial conservatives, for example, define racism as “a consistent
readiness to respond negatively to a member of a group by virtue of his or her
membership in the group, with the proof of prejudice being thus the
repetitiveness with which the person endorses negative characterization after
negative characterization.”
It's no surprise then, given this narrowly defined concept
of racism and the use of opinion surveys to measure it, that many people believe
racism is a thing of the past. In fact, the Supreme Court has used just such a
definition when hearing cases of discrimination. As a result, no one goes to
prison for discrimination. This narrow definition, which erroneously conflates
racism with prejudice, severely restricts what counts as bias or as evidence of
bias. This definition tends to exonerate whites, blame blacks, and naturalize
(make seem natural) the reality of racism in America.
In addition, this definition of racism is empirically and
conceptually flawed. It depends almost exclusively on data uncovered by opinion
polling. By relying on survey questions constructed in the 1950s, this research
ignores possible changes in the character of racism and incorrectly measures
the modern manifestation of it. As two social scientists concluded, “A new form
of prejudice has come to prominence, one that is preoccupied with matters of
moral character, informed by the virtues associated with the traditions of
individualism. Today, we say, prejudice is expressed by the language of
American individualism.” In other words, statements about individual failure
are racially coded expressions of negative stereotypes.
The fact is that there is abundant evidence documenting the
persistence of widespread racial prejudice 40 years after the civil rights
movement. Interestingly enough, racial conservatives using polling data to show
the decline of racism cherry pick among the surveys and omit this evidence.
Some of the most compelling evidence of persistent, tenacious racism comes from
studies of residential discrimination. The Detroit Area
Survey, for example, found that 16 percent of whites said they would
feel uncomfortable in a neighborhood where eight percent of the residents were
black, and nearly the same number said they were unwilling to move to such an
area. If the black percentage rose to 20 percent, 40 percent of all whites
indicated they would not move there, 30 percent said they would be
uncomfortable, and 15 percent would try to leave the area. Were a neighborhood
be 53 percent black, 71 percent of whites would not wish to move there, 53
percent would try and leave, and 65 percent would be uncomfortable.
People will attempt to pooh-pooh what I have written here,
or dismiss racism as one “small part” of a larger global dynamic. Or, that all
this is common knowledge, blah blah blah... Bullshit!
Racism in the U.S. is an overriding factor in the lives of
all of us living the U.S. with dire consequences for people of color. It
influences almost every arena in U.S. social life. The ugly, racist, and racial
denialism contained in the responses to people such as Colin Kaepernick and
those involved in the Black Lives Matter movement should be proof enough.
Unfortunately, for too many white people, it isn’t enough. I will say this much,
it takes a lot of effort to attempt to cover the sky with your hand.
My name is Eddie and I’m in recovery from civilization…